By Dr David Whitehouse
BBC News Online science editor
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Physicists have found a new subatomic particle, named Ds (2317). It
will help them better understand the building blocks of matter.
Inside the BaBar detector
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The particle consists of an unusual combination of more fundamental particles - quarks.
Two quarks form Ds (2317) and, curiously, its properties are not what theory predicted.
The announcement was made by physicist Antimo Palano to a packed
auditorium at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (Slac) in the US.
The discovery was made by the BaBar international consortium,
which operates a detector at Slac that analyses debris from subatomic
particle collisions.
'Back to the drawing boards'
"Congratulations to BaBar," said Slac's director, Jonathan Dorfan.
"The existence of the particle is not a surprise, but its mass
is lower than expected. This result will send theorists back to their
drawing boards."
The peak in the data betrays the new particle's existence
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Quarks are fundamental particles of which there
are six types present in nature. The "up" and "down" quarks are the
lightest, and are found within the nuclei of atoms of ordinary matter.
There are also the "charm", "strange", as well as the "top" and
"bottom" quarks. These are heavier than the up and down quarks. Quarks
can also have antiparticles such as anti-down, etc.
Heavier quarks were present in the early Universe and are
created today in particle accelerators and in collisions of cosmic rays
with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere.
The Ds (2317) combines a charm quark with another heavy quark - an anti-strange quark.
'From unexpected directions'
Physicists are hailing its discovery as important because it has
unexpected properties that will provide insight into the force that
binds the quarks together.
This force, unlike most others in nature, becomes stronger as the distance between the two quarks increases.
Marcello Giorgi, from the University of Pisa, Italy, who leads
the BaBar collaboration, said: "Sometimes, the most exciting
discoveries come from unexpected directions. There has been a buzz of
excitement in the experiment in the past few weeks.
Slac fires particles along a track
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"We have discovered a new charm particle in an
experiment designed to probe the difference between matter and
antimatter using bottom quarks."
Bob Cahn, a BaBar collaborator from Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, US, added: "The unexpected mass will make us look again at
the forces between quarks and will stimulate new interest in
charm-quark systems."
And Dr Raymond Orbach, director of the US Energy Department's Office of
Science, said: "The BaBar experiment continues to produce important new
knowledge adding to our fundamental understanding of the structure of
matter."